The Rise of Nationalism in Europe: Ncert based Multiple Choice Questions

History (India and the Contemporary World-II

Chapter -1

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Multiple Choice Question

1. Choose the correct nationality of the artist Frederic Sorrieu who visualized in his painting a society made up of Democratic and Social Republic.

a. German

b. Swiss

c. French

d. American

Ans: b

2. ‘Nationalism’ which emerged as a force in the late 19th century , means

a. strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.

b. strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations.

c. strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.

d. equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world .

Ans: a

3. Match the term with the statements given below :

A ‘ Utopian Society ’ is

i. a society under a benevolent monarchy

ii. a society that is unlikely to ever exist

iii. a society under the control of a chosen few wise men

iv. a society under Parliamentary Democracy

a. (i) & (ii)

b. (ii) & (iii)

c. (ii) only

d. (iii) only

Ans: b

4. Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘ plebiscite’ .

a. Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal .

b. Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject a proposal .

c. Plebiscite is a direct vote by only a chosen few from the total population of a particular region to accept or reject a proposal .

d. Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal .

Ans: d

5. Ernst Renan believed that the existence of nations is a necessity because –

a. it ensures protection to all inhabitants.

b. it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.

c. it ensures Parliamentary form of government to its inhabitants.

d. it ensures jobs and good health to all the inhabitants.

Ans: b

6. Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?

a. Britain

b. Russia

c. Prussia

d. Switzerland

Ans. D

7. The first great revolution which gave the clear idea of nationalism with its core words: ‘ Liberty, Equality and Fraternity ‘ was

a. The Russian Revolution

b. The French Revolution

c. The American Revolution

d. India’s First war of Independence

Ans: b

8. Which of the following country organized ‘ Vienna conference’?

a. Australia

b. Britain

c. Austria

d. France

Ans: c

9. Which of the following statements about the ‘ French Revolution ‘ are correct ?

i. After the end of the French Revolution it was proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.

ii. France will have a constitutional monarchy and the new republic will be headed by a member of the royal family .

iii. A centralized administrative system will be put in place to formulate uniform laws for all citizens.

iv. Imposition of internal custom duties and dues will continue to exist in France.

a. (i), (ii) and (iii)

b. (ii) and (iv)

c. (i) and (iii)

d. (iii) and (iv)

Ans: c

10. The French revolution declared that the mission and destiny of the French nation was ..

a. to conquer the pwople of Europe

b. to liberate the people of Europe from despotism.

c. to strengthen absolute monarchies in all the countries of Europe .

d. to propagate the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in every part of the world .

Ans: b

11. The civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as:

a. The French Revolutionary Code

b. Napoleonic Code

c. European Imperial Code

d. The French Civil Code

Ans: b

12. The Napoleonic Code was exported to which of the following regions?

a. England

b. Spain

c. Regions under French control

d. Poland

Ans: c

13. The Liberal nationalism stands for :

a. freedom for the individual and equality before law

b. preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges

c. freedom for only male members of society and equality before law.

d. freedom only for senior citizens.

Ans : a


14. The term ‘ Universal Suffrage’ means :

a. the right to vote and get elected , granted only to men

b. the right to vote for all adults

c. the right to vote and elected , granted exclusively to property owning men.

d. the right to vote and get elected, granted only to educated men and women .

Ans: b


15. Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘ conservatism’ ?

a. Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy .

b. Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual development to quick change.

c. Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernization to strengthen monarchy.

d. Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church and other social hierarchies.


Ans: c


16. The treaty of ……………………….. recognized Greece as an independent nation.

a. Vienna 1815

b. Constantinople 1832

c. Warsaw 1814

d. Leipzig 1813

Ans: b

17. Who said ‘ When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’ ?

a. Garibaldi

b. Bismarck

c. Mazzini

d. Duke Metternich

Ans: d

18. What happened to Poland at the end of 18th century . Which of the following answers is correct ?

a. Poland achieved independence at the end of the 18th century .

b. Poland came totally under the control of Russia and became part of Russia.

c. Poland became the part of East Germany .

d. Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia and Austria.

Ans: d.

19. Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?

a. Kaiser William –I

b. Otto Von Bismarck

c. Johann Gottfried Herder

d. duke Metternich

Ans: b.

20.Three wars over seven years with Austria , Denmark, Germany and France , ended in

a. Danish victory

b. Prussian victory

c. French victory

d. German victory

Ans: b.

21. Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871 ?

a. Bismarck

b. Victor Emmanuel –II

c. Count Cavour

d. Kaiser William I of Prussia

Ans: d

22. Who became the king of United Italy in 1861 ?

a. Giuseppe Garibaldi

b. Victor Emmanuel II

c. Count Cavour

d. Giuseppe Mazzini

Ans: b

23. What helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain ?

a. The formation of a nation-state in Britain was the result of a sudden upheaval.

b. In 1668, the monarchy in Britain had seized the power from English Parliament .

c. The parliament through a bloodless revolution seized power from the monarchy which gradually led to the emergence of nation-state.

d. The British nation was formed as a result of a war with Scotland and Wales.

Ans: c


24. Who was responsible for the unification of Germany?

a. Bismarck

b. Victor Emmanuel –II

c. Count Cavour

d. Kaiser William I of Prussia

Ans: a

25. The allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves was a :

a. Marianne

b. Union Jack

c. Britannia

d. Germania

Ans: d

26. A large part of Balkan region was under the control of :

a. Russian Empire

b. Ottoman Empire

c. German Empire

d. Habsburg Empire

Ans: b

27. What are the inhabitants of the Balkan region called ?

a. Swazi

b. Morgan

c. Slav

d. Unani

Ans: c

28. What is the flag of Britain called?

a. Cross sign

b. Red cross

c. Union Jack

d. wheel

Ans: c

29. Who made the biggest contribution to the unification of Italy?

a. Count Cavour

b. Mezzini

c. Garibaldi

d. All the above


Ans: d

30. What does a woman with a blindfold and scales symbolize?

a. Equality

b. Liberty

c. Justice

d. Sympathy

Ans: c

31. Whom did Metternich describe as the most dangerous enemy of the social order?

a. Count Cavour

b. Mezzini

c. Garibaldi

d. Victor Emmanuel


Ans: b

Case Study Questions :

Passage -1

Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and strong. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.

In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. Thus the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy. But the German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched. In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony. The main intention was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.

1. When Napoleon defeated by European powers- Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria ?

a. 1821

b. 1815

c. 1804

d. 1814

Ans: b.

2. Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘ conservatism’ ?

a. Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy .

b. Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual development to quick change.

c. Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernization to strengthen monarchy.

d. Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church and other social hierarchies.

Ans: c

3.  By whom Vienna Congress hosted ?

a. Duke Metternich

b. Joseph Mezzini

c. Bismarck

d. Victor Emmanuel

Ans: a

4. Which dynasty restored after Napoleon defeat?

a. Bourbon dynasty

b. Valois dynasty

c. Lancaster dynasty

d. Capet Dynasty

Ans: a 

Case study Questions 

Passage-2

Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by the Pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain. Even the Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and local variations.

During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. In the eyes of the ruling elites of this region, a unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.

Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Apart from regular troops, a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. However, much of the Italian population, among whom rates of illiteracy were very high, remained blissfully unaware of liberalnationalist ideology. The peasant masses who had supported Garibaldi in southern Italy had never heard of Italia, and believed that ‘La Talia’ was Victor Emmanuel’s wife!

1. Italy was divided into how many states during the 19th century?

a. 4

b. 39

c. 17

d. 7

Ans: d

2. Who formed Young Italy?

a. Count Cavour

b. Garibaldi

c. Giuseppe Mazzini

d. King Victor Emmanuel II

Ans: c.

 

3. who were led the movement to unify the regions of Italy ?

a. Count Cavour, Garibaldi , Giuseppe Mazzini , Victor Emmanuel II

b. Count Cavour, Garibaldi , Bismarck

c. Count Cavour, Garibaldi , Napoleon, pope

d. Garibaldi , Bismarck, Giuseppe Mazzini , Victor Emmanuel II

Ans: a

4. Under which state led the movement to unify the regions of Italy ?

a. Sardinia-Piedmont

b. Prussia

c. Rome

d. Sicily

Ans: a.