use of case: grammar |common error|

 CASE : COMMON ERROR 

👉 INTRODUCTION

👉 DEFINITION:

👉 FACTS OF CASE :

👉 DEFINITION OF CASE: Case shows the position of noun or pronoun in a sentence.

According to use of  noun or pronoun comes in three cases in  a sentence. 

a) In the form of subject -Subjective case

b) to show possession- possessive case

c) In the form of object- objective case 

👉FACTS OF CASE:

1. All the three cases of a pronoun are self made.

Ex:  Subjective case - I

        Possessive case - my/mine

        Objective case me

2. The subjective and the objective form of a noun are used in the same form .

Ex: Ram killed Ravan .    Correct

3. The possessive case of a noun is made with the help of two .

a) with the help of - ('s)

b) with the help of - (of)

4. साधारणतया किसी मानव का अधिकार दर्शाने के लिए [ 'S ] आता है जबकि वस्तु का अधिकार दर्शाने के लिए  [of ] का प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Ex: This is a Ram's car . 

       These are the tyres of the car.

5. In the following condition  [of] is used with human  being also.

a) to avoid the sequel of  [ 's ]

Ex: Lalu's daughter's marriage.        Wrong

      The marriage of Lalu's daughter.     Correct

b) If [ the + adjective ] shows its entire community cannot get ['s] . it shows possession by using  [of].

Ex: The poor's condition is not good in this area.    Wrong

       The condition of  the poor is not good in this area.     Correct

c)  To make a proper arrangement of relative pronoun.  

Ex:    I like Nitish's government who is an engineer.     Wrong

         I like the government of Nitish who is an engineer.     Correct

d) To show the relation of human being not possession .

Ex: The statue of Gandhiji is broken .     Correct

6. In the following condition ['s] is used in non-living thing also.

a) If a non-living thing in naturally  very-very large.

Ex: Sun's rays, Ocean's roar, etc.

b) If a non-living thing works as a measurement .

Ex: One days's match , Ten week's leave etc.

c) If a non-living thing is treated like human being.

Ex: Death's hand (मृतक का हाथ ), Fortune's favourite (भाग्य का पसंदीदा )  etc.

d) If a non-living thing exaggerated .

Ex: Court's order, Government's plan. Jungle's rule

e) In some phrasal verb

Ex: Cat's paw - चुपके-चुपके 

      Needle's eye -सूई का छेद

      At arm's length- कोसो दूर 

7. Subjective case + verb

Ex: Mohan and me were ready to go there.    Wrong

      Mohan and I were ready to go there .     Correct

8. Verb + Objective case 

Ex: Ram helped Mohan and I on the stage . 

      Ram helped Mohan and me on the stage.

9. Possessive case  + V4 

Ex: You writing is good .     Wrong

       Your writing is good .     Correct

10. Preposition + objective case 

Ex: Ram was talking with Mohan and I on the stage.     Wrong

       Ram was talking with Mohan and me on the stage.    Correct

11. Let + objective case + V1

Ex: Let Ram  and I watch the movies.    Wrong

       Let Ram and Me watch the movies.    Correct

12. But + subjective case comes if a verb is used after it. 

Ex: Mohan is honest but I am dishonest.    Correct

13. But + objective case comes if verb is not present after it.

Ex: Ram helped no one but me on the stage .    Correct

राम ने मंच पर किसी और की मदद नहीं की |

14. It + auxiliary verb + subjective case

Note: It shows emphatic sense.

Ex: It is I who can solved this question.    Correct

15. " If + Subject + were + subjective case" is used to show imagination.

Ex: If  i were him I would finish the task.    Wrong

      If I were he I would finish the task.    Correct

16. " as .........as" + subjective case

Ex: RAm as well as I was present on the stage.    Correct

17. It + main verb + to be + objective case

Ex: It appears to be him on the stage.    Correct

      यह मंच पर उसका होना प्रतीत होता है 

18. comparison is made in the same cases.

Note: 1. A subjective case is compared to subjective form.

Ex: You are taller than I.    Correct

2. A possessive case is compared to possessive form.

Ex: My car is better than your's.     Correct

3. An objective case is compared to objective case.

Ex: My mother loves him more than me.     Correct

4. A comparative form ending with ["or"] makes comparison of subjective case with objective case.

Ex: Ram is senior to me.     Correct

5. If two or more than two person show their combined possession use ['s]  with only the last noun.

Ex: Mukesh Ambani and Anil ambani 's father was a great business man.    Correct

19. If two or more than two persons show their separate possession  use  ['s] with each and every noun.

Ex: Mukesh Ambani's and Anil Ambani's companies are running well.    Correct

20. An indefinite pronoun ending with one/body uses ['s] to show possession.

Ex: It is some one's mistake.     Correct

यह किसी की गलती है |

21. An Indefinite pronoun ending with one/body + else uses ['s] with else not with one/body.

Ex: It is somebody else's mistake.    Correct 

         यह किसी और की गलती है |

22. A compared noun with hyphen that's only one part is preposition uses ['s]  with the part  that is after the preposition.

Ex: My father-in-law's condition is not good .    Correct

23. A plural noun that ending with  " en " ['s]  to show possession .

Ex: Children's park

       Men's parlour

       Women's lodge

24. A plural countable noun ending with s/es [s'] show possession  not ['s ].

Ex: Boys' hostel

       Girls' hostel

       doctors' chamber

25. A noun that ['s]  last letter is pronounced any kind of (स, श ) uses ['s] to show possession.

Ex: Ganesh's papa

26. An abbreviation (संक्षिप्त ) uses ['s] with its last letter to show possession,

Ex: M.P's elections

       M.L.A's elections

27. "Your" gets ['s] to show possession if it comes before sake.

Ex: I can do any thing for your's sake.     Correct

28. God, Heaven and money use ['s] if they come before sake.

Ex: Please don't disturb for god's sake (भगवान के लिए ).    Correct

29. Goodness and   Justice use ['s] if they come before sake.

Ex: I can do anything for Justice'sake (न्याय की खातिर ).

30. Each other comes to show the reciprocal relation between two persons or things.

Ex: Ram and Shyam help each other .     correct

31. Each other gets ['s] to show reciprocal possession of two person or thing.

Ex: Ram and Shyam help each other's family.    Correct

32. "one other " comes to show the reciprocal relation among more than two persons/things.

Ex: Ram, Shyam and Mohan help one other's family.    Correct

33. "It" gets [s] to show possession not ['s].

Ex: The machine is doing it's work.    Wrong

       The machine is doing its work.    Correct

        मशीन अपना काम कर रही है |

34. A natural event or schedule neither gets ['s] nor gets "of" to show possession . 

Ex: Winter's season - Wrong

       Winter season - Correct

       Summer's vacation - Wrong

       Summer vacation - Correct

                                                     The End......