noun and number | grammar| common error|

NOUN & NUMBER: COMMON  ERROR

एक  Noun जन्म से singular होता है , उसे कुछ नियमों के तहत Plural बनाया जाता है जबकि एक verb जन्म से plural होता है तथा कुछ नियमों के तहत singular में परिवर्तित किया जाता है |

नोट: ध्यान रहे जो भी नियम किसी Noun को Plural बनाने हेतु आता है वही नियम किसी Verb को Singular बनाने हेतु प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Rules  of Noun to change in Plural Number

1. Generally  a singular countable noun becomes Plural by adding "s" after itself .

ex: Boy-Boys , Pen-Pens , Dog-Dogs,  Book-Books 

2. A singular countable noun ending with s,ss,ch, sh,x,& z becomes plural by adding "es".

Ex: Topaz-Topazes, Ass-Assess,    Torch-torches,    Box-Boxes,    Bench-Benches

3. A singular countable noun ending with "ch" but "ch" is pronounced "ka(क)" , and add "s" to make plural .

Ex- Stomach-Stomachs,        Monarch-Monarchs,    

4. A singular countable noun ending with "O" and a verb comes before the "o'" becomes plural by adding "S".

Ex- Bamboo-Bamboos,    Radio-Radios, Studio-Studios

5. A singular countable noun ending with "O" and a consonant  comes before the "O" becomes plural by adding "es".

Ex- Mango-Mangoes,    Hero-Heroes,       Potato-Potatoes

6. A singular countable noun ending with "O" and a consonant comes before "O"but noun is related to technology becomes plural by adding "S".

Ex. - Photo-Photos,    Piano-Pianos,    Dynamo-Dynamos

7. A singular countable noun ending with "Y"and  a vowel comes before the "y" becomes plural by adding "S".

Ex:    Boys-Boys,    Monkey-Monkeys,    Key-Keys

8. A singular countable noun ending with "Y" and a consonant comes before  "Y"becomes plural replacing "Y" by "ies".

Ex- Story-stories,     Baby-Babies,    Mummy-Mummies,    country-Countries

9. A singular countable noun ending with "Y" and a consonant comes before the "Y" but the noun is a proper noun becomes plural adding "S".

Ex- January-Januarys,    February-Februarys,        July-Julys

10. A singular countable noun ending with "F/Fe" becomes plural replacing "F/Fe"by "ves".

EX- Wife-Wives,    Knife-Knives,    Leaf-Leaves

11. A singular countable noun ending with "F/Fe" but it is not the real nouns , it is the transformation of other parts of speech becomes plural adding  "s" .

Ex- Belief-Beliefs,        Strife-Strifes,    Proof-Proofs,    Chief-Chiefs

12. A greek noun ending with "ouse" becomes plural replacing "ouse" by "ice".

Ex-Mouse-Mice,    Louse-Lice-, 

13. A greek noun that's internal part is "OO" becomes plural replacing  "OO" by  "ee".

Ex-  Foot-Feet,    Tooth-Teeth,         Goose- Geese

14. A Latin noun ending with "us" becomes plural replacing "us"by "I".

Ex-  Cactus-Cacti ,    Fungus-Fungi,    Radius-Radii,    Focus-Foci

15. A Latin noun ending with "um" becomes plural replacing "um"by "a".

EX- Medium-Media,    Datum-Data,    Spectrum-Spectra,    Forum-Fora

16.A Latin noun ending with "is" becomes plural replacing "is" by "es".

Ex- Crisis-Crises,    Hypothesis-Hypotheses,    Thesis-Theses

17. A Latin noun ending with "a" becomes plural adding "e" after "a".

Ex. Formula-formulae,    Vertebra-Vertebrae

18. A Latin noun ending with "on" becomes plural replacing "on" by "a".

Ex- Criterion-Criteria,    Phenomenon-Phenomena

19. A compound noun without "hyphen (-)" becomes plural adding "s" with "ful".

Ex- Cupful-Cupfuls,    Spoonful-Spoonfuls,   

 

20. Some noun change their plural forms indifferent ways.

Ex- Child-Children,    Man-Men,     Ox-Oxen     Mrs.- Mmes,    Mr.-Messrs

एक Noun जन्म से singular होता है , उसे कुछ नियमों के तहत Plural बनाया जाता है जबकि एक verb जन्म से plural होता है तथा कुछ नियमों के तहत singular में परिवर्तित किया जाता है |

नोट: ध्यान रहे जो भी नियम किसी Noun को Plural बनाने हेतु आता है वही नियम किसी Verb को Singular बनाने हेतु प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Rules of Noun to change in Plural Number

21. A singular countable noun ending with woman or man make plural of the man or woman not of other parts.

Ex- Milkman-Milkmen,

Milkwoman- Milkwomen

Gunman-Gunmen

22. Generally a compound noun without hyphen makes plural its most important parts.

Ex.-Classroom-Classrooms,

Notebook-Notebooks

23. A compound noun with hyphen that first part is man or woman makes plural of its both parts.

Ex. Man-engineer- Men-engineers

24. A compound noun with hyphen that first part is man or woman but the entire meaning does not show man or woman makes plural of its other parts.

Ex- Man-hater-Man-haters

Woman-killer-Woman-killers

25. A compound noun with hyphen that only one part of is that's preposition needs plural of the part that is before preposition.

Ex- Brother-in-law-Brothers-in-law

Commander-in-chief-Commanders-in-chief

Passer-by-Passers-by


26. A compound noun with hyphen that is made of two parts and both for him, make plural of the both parts.

Ex- Lord-governor-Lords-governors

Lord-justice-Lord-justices


27. A compound noun with hyphen that is made of two parts in which either of them works as post and either its adjective makes plural of the real parts.

Ex- Assistant-Commander-Assistant-commanders

Junior-engineers-Junior-engineers


28. A compound noun with hyphen that's only one part is noun and the other is only other parts of speech makes plural of the noun not of others.

Ex- High-way-High-ways,

Step-Mother-Step-Mothers

29. A study subject is singular and uses singular verb .

Ex- Physics is a hard subject.

30. if a study subject is possessed by any one ,it becomes plural and uses plural verb.

Ex.  Sheep,The physics of H.C.Verma is very hard. -wrong

        The physiscs of H.C.Verma are very hard.-Correct

 

31. A country name is singular and uses singular verb.

Ex.  India are a secular country. wrong

        India is a secular country. correct

32. If a country name denotes a team , it becomes plural and uses plural verb.

Ex.    India is batting first first in this match. Wrong

         India are batting first in this match . Correct 

33. Noun that are made of two similar parts, in the absence of either part, they lose their importance become plural and use plural verb. 

Ex.    The scissors are broken . Correct

          The scissors is broken.  wrong 

Note: Above nouns becomes singular adding "a pair of" before them. 

Ex-    A pair of scissors is broken.  Correct

          A pair of scissor is broken . Wrong

          A pair of scissors are broken. Wrong 

34.  Sheep, deer, Offspring and fish themselves are singular or plural . they cannot get it "s" or "es" 

Ex- My brother has only one offspring named sonu. Correct 

        Lalu has seven offsprings. Wrong

        Lalu has seven offspring. Correct

35. "Hair"  is  uncountable. it is singular and uses singular verb .

Ex- `His hairs are black. Wrong

        His  hair is black .  Correct 

Note: ध्यान रहे कि यदि Hair को गिनती के तहत दर्शाया जाय तो यह अपने संख्या के आधार पर singular या plural हो सकता है |

Ex-     He has broken his one white hair .     Correct

           He has broken his five white hair.      wrong

           He has broken his five white hairs.    Correct

36. Part of body that is only one in body is used in singular form and gets singular verb .

Ex-        the tongues are very useful to  taste. Wrong 

              The tongues is very useful to taste.  correct 

37. Parts of body that are two in body . in the absence of either part man can be alive becomes singular or plural according to their numbers.

Ex.-     The beggar has only one hand but i have two hands .  

38. Parts of body that are always two in body ,in the absence of either part man dies , are always used in plural form and get plural verb .   

Ex-     The lung is very useful for life.    wrong

           The lungs are very useful for life.    Correct

39. Poem can be singular or plural according to its number.

Ex-     This is a nice poem written by Shakespeare.    Correct

            These are nice poems written by Shakespeare.    Correct

40. Poetry itself singular or plural. It cannot be get "s" or "es" with itself.

Ex-     This is nice poetry written by Shakespeare .     Correct

           These are nice poetries written by Shakespeare.    Wrong

एक Noun जन्म से singular होता है , उसे कुछ नियमों के तहत Plural बनाया जाता है जबकि एक verb जन्म से plural होता है तथा कुछ नियमों के तहत singular में परिवर्तित किया जाता है |

नोट: ध्यान रहे जो भी नियम किसी Noun को Plural बनाने हेतु आता है वही नियम किसी Verb को Singular बनाने हेतु प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Rules of Noun to change in Plural Number

 41.  Use one/any + singular countable noun  + singular verb .

Ex-  One boy are absent today.    Wrong

        One boys is absent today.     Wrong

        One boy is absent today.    Correct

42.     USe One/any +of +plural countable noun + singular verb .

Ex-      One of my friend is living in Delhi.     Wrong

            One of my friends are living in Delhi.     Wrong 

            One of my friends is living in Delhi .        Correct

43. The + adjective "shows its entire community that is plural and uses plural verb. 

  नोट: ध्यान रहे कि इसके साथ s/es, plural/public शब्द का प्रयोग नही होता |

Ex-     The poor is very labourious .         Wrong

           The poors are very labourious.        Wrong

           The poor people are very labourious.     Wrong

           The poor are very labourious.        Correct 

44.     Alms(भीख ), Elves(दान ) and Riches (धन ) are plural and get plural verb .

        Alms has been given to the beggar.    Wrong

        Alm has been given to the beggar .  Wrong 

        Alms have been given to the beggar .  Correct

45. Cross-roads is singular and uses singular verb. 

Ex- The cross-roads near Ranchi junction are very important for traffic.     Wrong

    The cross-roads near Ranchi junction is very important for traffic.     Correct 

46. "Electorate"(मतदाता voters) is plural and uses plural verb .

Ex- The electorate  of this village is not ready for the next election.    Wrong

    The electorate of this village are not ready for the next election .     Correct

47. "Many + plural countable noun + plural verb

Ex-  Many students is absent today in online class.    Wrong 

        Many student are absent today in online class.     Wrong 

        Many students are absent today in online class.     Correct 

48. "Many + a/an + singular countable noun  + singular verb 

Ex-     Many a students is absent today in online class.    Wrong

         Many a student is absent today in online class.     Correct 

49. "Bread" being uncountable noun , it is singular and uses singular verb.

Note 1 :     It is made countable noun adding  "a piece of/a loaf of" before it .

Note 2 :     In countable form, it can be singular or plural according to its number.

Note 3:     S/es cannot be used with it .

Ex:-     I am eating bread.    Correct

            I  am eating one bread.     Wrong 

            I am eating a loaf of bread.     Correct

            I am eating five loaves of bread.    correct

            I am eating five loaves of breads.    Wrong 

50. "Advice "  being uncountable noun and uses singular verb.

Note1-    It is made countable noun adding "a piece of" before it .

Note 2-     In countable form, it can be singular or plural according to its number.

Note 3-   S/es cannot be used with it .

Ex-    He has given me good advice .    Correct

        He has given me a piece of good advice.     Correct.

        He has given me five pieces of good advice.     Correct

51.  "Mischief" being uncountable , it is singular and  uses singular verb . 

Note 1 : It is made countable noun adding " an act of " before it.

Note 2 : In countable form, it can be singular or plural according to its number.

Note 3:   S/es cannot be used with it .

Ex-    Your mischief  has  taken seriously.     Wrong 

          Your mischiefs have taken seriously.    Wrong 

          An act of your mischief has taken seriously.    Correct 

          Five  act of  your mischief  have taken seriously.     Correct 

52. If brick/ stone works as the element of a wall cannot be changed into plural form . 

Note:    ध्यान रहे कि यदि Brick तथा Stone को दीवार के बाहर किसी अन्य कार्य में प्रयोग किया जाय तो वह अपनी संख्या के आधार पर singular or plural हो सकते है |

Ex-    This house is built of bricks and stones.    Wrong 

          This house is built of brick and stone.     Correct

          He gave me a stone to throw on the dog.     Correct

          He gave me five stones to throw on the dog . Correct 

53. News. Ganges, and Himalayas are singular and use singular verb. 

Ex-     The news were very important for us.    Wrong

          The news was very important for us .      Correct 

54. People, Cattle, Public Police etc are plural and use plural verb.

Ex-  The cattle is grazing in the field.    Wrong 

        The cattle are grazing in the field.     Correct

        The Cattles are grazing in the field.    Wrong 

55.  Police denote its entire "police department" gets plural verb . 

Note:- यदि एक पुलिस सिपाही की बात करनी है तो police man तथा एक से अधिक के लिए police men  का प्रयोग होता है |

Ex-     The police have arrested the thief .    Correct

           The police has arrested the thief.    Wrong 

           I saw a policeman running after a thief.   Correct

           I saw five policemen running after a thief.    Correct

                            

एक Noun जन्म से singular होता है , उसे कुछ नियमों के तहत Plural बनाया जाता है जबकि एक verb जन्म से plural होता है तथा कुछ नियमों के तहत singular में परिवर्तित किया जाता है |

नोट: ध्यान रहे जो भी नियम किसी Noun को Plural बनाने हेतु आता है वही नियम किसी Verb को Singular बनाने हेतु प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Rules of Noun to change in Plural Number

56. A lot of/lots of + uncountable noun  + Singular verb .

Ex: A lot of rice are remaining in the kitchen.    wrong 

       A lot of rice is remaining in the kitchen . Correct

57. A lot of/ lots of + olural countable noun  + plural verb

Ex:   A lot of student are absent today.     Wrong

        A lot of students is absent today.     Wrong 

        A lot of students ae absent today.     Correct

        Lots of students are absent today.     Correct  

58. A number of (many) + plural countable noun + plural verb

Ex: A number of students is absent.    Wrong

       A number of student are absent.    Wrong 

       A number of students   are absent today .    Correct

59. The number of + plural countable noun + singular noun .

Ex: The number of students are increasing in my class.     Wrong 

       The number of students is increasing in my class.    Correct

60. Generally two singular nouns connected with "and" become plural and get plural verb.

Ex: Ram and Shyam are going to Delhi. Correct

61. Two materials nouns connected with "and" that make a solution become singular and use singular verb. 

Ex: Milk and sugar are a tasty drink.    Wrong

       Milk and sugar is a tasty drink.        Correct

62. Two same noun connected with "preposition" are always used in singular form and gets singular verb.

Ex: Door to doors were visited during the last Covid.    Wrong

       Door to door was visited during the last Covid.     Correct

63. Two differentt nouns connected with a preposition can be singular or plural according to their number , but geet verb for only the first noun.

Ex: The student in the class is very laborious.    Correct

        The students in the class are very laborious.    Correct

64. Two subjects "noun" connected with "as well as", "along with", "rather than", "in addition to", '"except", "like", "unlike", etc get verb according to the first subject .

Ex:  Ram as well as his ten friends were going to Delhi.    wrong

       Ram as well as his ten friends was going to Delhi.     Correct

65. Two subjects(noun) connected with "'or/nor" get verb according to the second subject.

Note: ध्यान रहे यदि or अथवा nor से एक singular तथा एक plural subject जुड़ा रहे तो singular को पहले और plural को बाद में लिखा जाता है |

Ex: Either the teacher or the students of this class has solved the question.    Wrong

        Either the teacher or the students of this class have solved the question.    Correct

66.    The subjects connected with "not only......but also " get verb 

according to the second subject. 

Ex: Not only the teacher but also the students of this class was present on the stage.    Wrong

       Not only the teacher but also the students of this class were present on the stage.    Correct

67. if human being/ non-living thing comes in the sentence can be singular or plural according to its number.

Ex. The pen is red.    Correct

       Pens are red.    Correct

68. If a digit (number) comes as the subject of a sentence always gets singular verb.

Ex:     One is a starting  digit.    Correct

           786 are lucky digit.    Wrong

           786 is lucky digit.    Correct

69. Number + noun(person/thing) + v1 + v5

Note: In this condition noun becomes sinular or plural according to  number.

Ex: One boy is absent today.    Correct

       Five boys are absent today.    Correct

70. If a measurement comes  as the subjcet of a sentence can be singular or plural according to its uses.

Ex: Mile is a unit of distance.    Correct

       Miles are covered by car. Correct

       Miles and miles are being covered by car.    Correct

71. Number + measurement

Note: In this condition measurement can be singular or plural but gets verb in only form.

Ex: One mile has been covered by car.    Correct

        Five mile/miles has been covered by car.    Correct

        Five mile/miles have been covered by car .     Wrong 

72. Number + measurement + measured

Note: In this condition measurement is always singular and gets verb according to the measured.

Ex: Ten men committee .    Wrong

       Ten man committee.    Correct

       Hundred rupee note.    Correct

       Five year plan.            Correct

73.Number + number + measurement + measured

Note: In this condition measurement is alsways singular but gets verb according to the combination of first number and measured.

Ex: One five  years plan has been completed in India.    Wrong

      One five year plan has been completed in India.    Correct

       Ten five year plans have been completed in India.     Correct

                                    The End