Cbse History class 12 practice set- 1

 

CBSE HISTORY CLASS 12 PRACTICE SET (2020-2021)                               

SET-1

SUBJECT -HISTORY     Time Allowed:3h       

CLASS-XII        Max. Marks: 80

General Instructions:

• Answer all the questions. Some questions have an internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.

This question paper comprises of six sections

• Section A: Question numbers 1 to 16 are objective type questions carrying 1 mark and should be answered in one word or one sentence each (Attempt any 15)

• Section B: Question numbers 17 to 19 are Case Based/ Source Based having Multiple Choice questions. Each question has 4 sub-parts. Attempt any three sub-parts from each question.

• Section C: Answer to questions carrying 3 marks (Question 20 to 23) should not exceed 100 words each.

• Section D: Answer to questions carrying 8 marks (Question 24 to 26) should not exceed 350 words each.

 • Section E: Question number 27 to 29 are Source-based questions carrying 5 marks each.

• Section F: Question number 30 is a Map question.

 

• सभी सवालों के जवाब दें।

कुछ सवालों में आंतरिक विकल्प  है । प्रत्येक प्रश्न के सामने  अंक दर्शाए हैं।इस प्रश्नपत्र में छह भाग  शामिल हैं।

 • भाग  एक: प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 16 वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रकार के प्रश्न हैं जिनमें 1 अंक  होते हैं और इसका उत्तर एक शब्द या एक वाक्य में दिया जाना चाहिए (किसी भी 15 प्रश्नों का उत्तर दे )

• भाग  बी: प्रश्न संख्या 17 से 19 केस बेस्ड/सोर्स बेस्ड हैं, जिनमें मल्टीपल चॉइस सवाल हैं । प्रत्येक प्रश्न में 4 उप-भाग होते हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न से किसी भी तीन उप-भागों का प्रयास करें।

• भाग  सी: 3 अंक (प्रश्न 20 से 23) वाले प्रश्नों के उत्तर प्रत्येक १०० शब्दों से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए ।

• भाग  डी: 8 अंक (प्रश्न 24 से 26) वाले प्रश्नों का उत्तर प्रत्येक ३५० शब्दों से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए ।

 • भाग  ई: प्रश्न संख्या 27 से 29 स्रोत आधारित प्रश्न हैं जिनमें प्रत्येक 5 अंक हैं ।

• भाग  एफ: प्रश्न संख्या 30 एक नक्शा प्रश्न है |

 

 

Section A

Attempt any 15 questions.

किन्ही भी15प्रश्नों को करें।

1. Who is known as the father of Indian archaeology? 1

भारतीय पुरातत्व का जनक किसे कहा जाता है ?

2.Write the name of Greek ambassador who came to the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

चंद्र गुप्त मौर्य के दरबार मे आने वाला यूनानी राजदूत कौन था ? 1

3.Who wrote/composed PrayagaPrashasti(Allahabad Pillar Inscription) inSanskrit? 1

संस्कृत मे प्रयाग प्रशस्ति ( इलाहाबाद स्तम्भ अभिलेख ) की रचना किसने की ?

4. Which books contained rules about the ideal “occupations” of the four categories or varnas?

किस पुस्तक मे चारों वर्णों के लिए आदर्श व्यवसाय के नियम लिखे गए है ?

5.Who gave grant to make museum and guest house in sanchi? 1

सांची में म्यूजियम और अतिथि शाला बनाने के लिए किसने अनुदान दिया ?

 

6.which gods are described in rigvedas? 1

ऋग्वेद में वर्णित देवता कौन-कौन से हैं?

 7. Identify the Bhakti tradition which favoured widow remarriage.

विधवा पुनर्विवाहकी  समर्थक  भक्ति परंपरा  कौन सी थी ?

 

 A) Alvars  B) Nayanars  C) Lingayats  D) Siddhas 1

अ )अलवार        ब )नयनार स)लिंगायत द) सिद्ध1

8 What is the source to know about the Virashaiva tradition in Karnataka? 1

कर्नाटक में वीर शैव परंपरा के बारे में जानने के लिए क्या स्रोत है

 

9. Differentiate between ‘Nayaks’ and the ‘Amara-nayakas’. 1

'नायक' और 'अमर-नायकों' के बीच अंतर करें। 1

 

10. Who presentedfifth report in Britishparliament ?

पांचवीं रिपोर्ट ब्रिटिश संसद में किसने प्रस्तुत की ?

 

11 With which Mughal Emperor can we associate ‘ Alamgir Nama’?

किस मुगल बादशाह के साथ हम 'आलमगीर नामा' को संबद्ध कर सकते हैं?

 

A) Aurangzeb

B) Shah Jahan

C) Humanyun

 D) Jahangir

क) औरंगजेब

ख) शाहजहां

ग) हुमायूँ

घ) जहांगीर

 

12. The two artists, Mir Saiyyad Ali and Abdus Samad were brought from Iran to the Mughal court by Emperor________ 1

दो कलाकारों मीर सैय्यद अली और अब्दुस समद को ईरान से मुगल दरबार में  कौन से मुगल शासक द्वारा लाया गया?

 

 13.Who was the Governor General of Bengal when the Permanent Settlement was introduced in1793? 1

1793 मे स्थायी बंदोबस्त लागू होने के समय बंगाल का गवर्नर जनरल कौन था ?

14.When was Awadhannexed?

अवध का विलय कब किया गया ?

 

15.when was Dandi march started ?

 दांडी मार्च कब शुरू किया गया था ?

 

16. Who among the following declared- Separate Electorate was a ‘poison that has entered the body politics of our country’?

A) G. B.Pant

B) Sardar Patel

C) R. V. Dhulekar

D) Begum AizazRasul 1

निम्नलिखित मे से किसने कहा प्रथक निर्वाचिका  एक ' जहर है कि हमारे देश के शरीर-राजनीति में प्रवेश किया है '

क) जी. बी. पंत

ख) सरदार पटेल

ग) आर वी धुलेकर

घ) बेगम एजाज रसूल 1

 

 

 

 

SECTION B

17.Read the following text and answer any three of the following questions

निम्नलिखित पाठ पढ़ें और निम्नलिखित में से किसी भी तीन प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें

 

Inscriptions ---Inscriptions are writings engraved on hard surfaces such as stone, metal or pottery. They usually record the achievements, activities or ideas of those who commissioned them and include the exploits of kings, or donations made by women and men to religious institutions. Inscriptions are virtually permanent records, some of which carry dates. Others are dated on the basis of palaeography or styles of writing, with a fair amount of precision. For instance, in c. 250 BCE the letter “a” was written like this: . By c. 500 CE, it was written like this: . The earliest inscriptions were in Prakrit, a name for languages used by ordinary people. Names of rulers such as Ajatasattu and Asoka, known from Prakrit texts and inscriptions, have been spelt in their Prakrit forms in this chapter. You will also find terms in languages such as Pali, Tamil and Sanskrit, which too were used to write inscriptions and texts. It is possible that people spoke in other languages as well, even though these were not used for writing.

A. What are inscriptions  ?1

b. In which languagesinscriptions were written ? 1

c. write the Name the rulers written on the inscriptions ? 1

d. How many languages people speaks ? 1

Hindi translation. 

शिलालेख ---इनस्क्रिप्टियन पत्थर, धातु या मिट्टी के बर्तनों जैसी कठोर सतहों पर उत्कीर्ण लेखन हैं। वे आमतौर पर उन लोगों की उपलब्धियों, क्रिया कलाप या विचारों को रिकॉर्ड करते हैं जो उन्हें बनवाते है| इनमे राजाओं के क्रियाकलाप तथा महिलाओं और पुरुषों द्वारा धार्मिक संस्थाओं को किए गए दान का ब्योरा शामिल हैं । यानि शिलालेख एक प्रकार से स्थायी प्रमाण होते हैं | कई अभलेखों मे इनके निर्माण की तिथि भी खुदी होती है। अन्य को पुरालेख या लेखन की शैलियों के आधार पर दिनांकित किया जाता है, जिसमें उचित मात्रा में सटीकता होती है। उदाहरण के लिए, सी 250 ईसा पूर्व में अक्षर "अ" >| इस तरह लिखा जाता था  और 500 ई. तक, यह )-| इस तरह लिखा जाता था । सबसे शुरुआती शिलालेख प्राकृत भाषाओ लिखे जाते थे, जो आम लोगों द्वारा उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषाओं के लिए एक नाम था। प्राकृत ग्रंथों और शिलालेखों से ज्ञात अजातशत्रु और अशोक जैसे शासकों के नाम इस अध्याय में उनके प्राकृत रूपों में स्पष्ट किए गए हैं । आपको पाली, तमिल और संस्कृत जैसी भाषाओं में भी ऐसे शब्द मिलेंगे, जिनका उपयोग शिलालेख और ग्रंथ लिखने के लिए भी किया जाता था । यह संभव है कि लोग अन्य भाषाओं में भी बोलते थे, भले ही इनका उपयोग लेखन के लिए नहीं किया गया हो।

 

1. शिलालेख क्या हैं? 1

2.किस भाषा में शिलालेख लिखे गए थे? 1

3.शिलालेखों पर लिखे शासकों का नामलिखिए ?

4. लोग कितनी भाषाएं बोलते हैं? 1

 

 

18. Read the following text and answer any three of the following questions:

निम्नलिखित पाठ पढ़ें और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किसी तीन का उत्तर दें:

 

Shah Jahan’s daughters Jahanara and Roshanaraenjoyed an annual income often equal to that of high imperial mansabdars. Jahanara, in addition, received revenues from the port city of Surat, which was a lucrative centre of overseas trade. Control over resources enabled important women of the Mughal household to commission buildings and gardens. Jahanara participated in many architectural projects of Shah Jahan’s new capital, Shahjahanabad (Delhi). Among these was an imposing double-storeyed caravanserai with a courtyard and garden. The bazaar of Chandni Chowk, the throbbing centre of Shahjahanabad, was designed by Jahanara.

A. write Nameof  daughters of shanjahan.

B who received income from suratport ?

c.which was shahjahan’s new capital ?

d. what is carawansarai ?

Hindi translation. 

शाहजहां की बेटियों जहांआरा और रोशनआरा को अक्सर उच्च शाही मनसबदारों के बराबर वार्षिक आय का आनंद मिलता था । जहांआरा को इसके अलावा सूरत के बंदरगाह शहर से राजस्व प्राप्त हुआ, जो विदेशी व्यापार का एक आकर्षक केंद्र था । संसाधनों पर नियंत्रण ने मुगल परिवार की महत्वपूर्ण महिलाओं को इमारतों और बगीचों को निर्माण करने में सक्षम बनाया। जहांआरा ने शाहजहां की नई राजधानी शाहजहांनाबाद (दिल्ली) की कई वास्तुशिल्प परियोजनाओं में भाग लिया। इनमें से एक आंगन और बगीचे के साथ एक भव्य दो मंजिला कारवां सराय था। शाहजहांनाबाद के आकर्षक  केंद्र चांदनी चौक के बाजार को जहांआरा ने डिजाइन किया था।

Hindi translation. 

A. शाहजहां की बेटियों का नाम बताइए ?

B सूरत बंदरगाह से आय किसने प्राप्त की?

C.शाहजहां की नई राजधानी कोनसी थी ?

D. कारवां सराय क्या है ?

 

19.Study this extract of the Fifth Report and answer any three of the following questions:

Referring to the condition of zamindars and the auction of lands, the Fifth Report stated: The revenue was not realised with punctuality, and lands to a considerable extent were periodically exposed to sale by auction. Among the defaulters were some of the oldest families of the country. Such were the rajahs of Nuddea , Rajeshaye , Bishenpore (all districts of Bengal ) , … and others , the dismemberment of whose estates at the end of each succeeding year, threatened them with poverty and ruin, and in some instances presented difficulties to the revenue officers, in their efforts to preserve undiminished the amount of public assessment.

A. what is fifth report ?

B. Define jama ?

C.  How lands were auctioned ?

D.Name the districts of Bengal ?

पांचवीं रिपोर्ट के इस उद्धरण का अध्ययन करें और निम्नलिखित में से किसी तीन प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें:

Hindi translation. जमींदारों की स्थिति और जमीनों की नीलामी का जिक्र करते हुए पांचवीं रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है- राजस्व को समय बद्धता के साथ महसूस नहीं किया गया और काफी हद तक जमीनों को नीलामी द्वारा बिक्री के लिए समय-समय पर उजागर किया गया । बकायेदारों में देश के कुछ सबसे पुराने परिवार थे। ऐसे थे नादिया, राजेशाही, बिशनपुर (बंगाल के सभी जिले) ... और दूसरों , प्रत्येक सफल वर्ष के अंत में जिनकी संपदा के विघटन, उन्हें गरीबी और बर्बादी के साथ धमकी दी, और कुछ उदाहरणों में राजस्व अधिकारियों के लिए कठिनाइयों प्रस्तुत किया, उनके प्रयासों में सार्वजनिक मूल्यांकन की राशि कम से कम बनाए रखने के लिए ।

 

Hindi translation. अ पांचवीं रिपोर्ट क्या है?

ब. जमा को परिभाषित करो ?

स.जमीनों की नीलामीकैसे की गई?

द. बंगाल के जिलों का नाम लिखिए ?

SECTION C

20.What are the sources to know about  the Mauryan Empire. 3

 मौर्य साम्राज्य के बारे में जानने के लिए क्या स्रोत हैं। 3

21.Name different groups of Mughal courts ?

Hindi translation. मुगल दरबार  के विभिन्न समूहों का नाम बताइए ?

 

22.Differenciate  betweensanthal and paharias3

Hindi translation. संथाल और पहाड़िया के बीच अंतर बताइए  3

 

23.What were the causes of revolt of 1857 ? 3

Hindi translation. 1857 के विद्रोह के कारण क्या थे? 3

 

SECTION D

24.write Teaching of Jainism and buddism ?8

Hindi translation. जैनधर्म और बोद्ध धर्म  की शिक्षाये  लिखें

 

OR अथवा

 

“Buddhism grows rapidly both during the life time of the Buddha and also after his death”.  Justify the statement.

 

“बुद्ध के जीवन काल मे तथा उनकी मृत्यु के पश्चात भी बौद्ध धर्म तेजीसे फैला”. उक्त कथन को प्रमाणित कीजिए.

 

 

25 Describe the important features of vijaynagar’sbuildings ? 8

Hindi translation. विजयनगर की इमारतों की महत्वपूर्ण विशेषताओं का वर्णन करें? 8

 

OR अथवा

 

Evaluate the importance of Amar Nayaka System in the emergence of Vijayanagara Empire.   

 

विजयनगर साम्राज्य के उदय में अमर नायक व्यवस्था के महत्त्व का मूल्यांकन कीजिये I

 

 

26. Describe the Quit India Movements ? 8

Hindi translation. भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन का वर्णन करें? 8

 

OR अथवा

 

How did Gandhiji transform National Movement into a mass movement?

 

गांधीजी  ने राष्ट्रीय आन्दोलन को जन आन्दोलन में कैसे बदला ?

 

SECTION E

27. Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow

Hindi translation. निम्नलिखित स्रोत को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उनके द्वारा अनुसरण किए जाने वाले प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें

 

The Indus valley civilisation is also called the Harappan culture. Archaeologists use the term “culture” for a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time. In the case of the Harappan culture, these distinctive objects include seals, beads, weights, stone blades (Fig. 2.2) and even baked bricks. These objects were found from areas as far apart as Afghanistan, Jammu, Baluchistan (Pakistan) and Gujarat (Map 1). Named after Harappa, the first site where this unique culture was discovered (p. 6), the civilisation is dated between c. 2600 and 1900 BCE. There were earlier and later cultures, often called Early Harappan and Late Harappan, in the same area. The Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures.

1. which civilization is known as Harappan civilization ? 1

2.What is culture? 2

3. Write time period of Harappa civilization? 2

 

Hindi translation. सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता को हड़प्पा संस्कृति भी कहा जाता है। पुरातत्वविद् वस्तुओं के एक समूह के लिए "संस्कृति" शब्द का उपयोग करते हैं, जो शैली में विशिष्ट होते हैं, जो आमतौर पर एक विशिष्ट भौगोलिक क्षेत्र और समय की अवधि के भीतर एक साथ पाए जाते हैं। हड़प्पा संस्कृति के मामले में, इन विशिष्ट वस्तुओं में मोहरे, मोती, वजन, पत्थर के ब्लेड (चित्र 2.2) और यहां तक कि बेक्ड ईंटें शामिल हैं। ये वस्तुएं अफगानिस्तान, जम्मू, बलूचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान) और गुजरात  के अलावा दूर-दराज के क्षेत्रों से पाई गईं । हड़प्पा के नाम पर, पहली साइट जहां इस अनूठी संस्कृति की खोज की गई थी (पी 6), सभ्यता 2600 से 1900  ईसा पूर्व के बीच दिनांकित है। पहले और बाद की संस्कृतियां थीं, जिन्हें अक्सर इसी क्षेत्र में पूर्व हड़प्पा और उत्तरवर्ती  हड़प्पा कहा जाता था। हड़प्पा सभ्यता को इन संस्कृतियों से अलग करने के लिए कभी परिपक्व हड़प्पा संस्कृति कहा जाता है।

 

1.किस सभ्यता को हड़प्पा सभ्यता के नाम से जाना जाता है?1

2.संस्कृति क्या है?2

3.हड़प्पा सभ्यता की समयावधि लिखें?2

 

28.  Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Love for the Lord

This is part of a song attributed to Mirabai: I will build a funeral pyre of sandalwood and aloe; Light it by your own hand When I am burned away to cinders; Smear this ash upon your limbs. … let flame be lost in flame. In another verse, she sings: What can Mewar’s ruler do to me? If God is angry, all is lost, But what can the Rana do?

1. To whom this passage belongsto ? 1

2. Write view of Mirabai ? 2

3. What does this indicate about Mirabai’s attitude towards the king? 2

Hindi translation. 28. निम्नलिखित स्रोत को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उनके द्वारा अनुसरण किए जाने वाले प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें:

 

Hindi translation. भगवान के लिए प्यार यह मीराबाई को जिम्मेदार ठहराते हुए एक गीत का हिस्सा है: मैं चंदन और एलो की अंतिम संस्कार चिता का निर्माण करूंगा; यह अपने हाथ से प्रकाश जब मैं दूर सिंडर को जला दिया जाता है; अपने अंगों पर इस राख धब्बा। ... लौ लौ में खो जाते हैं। एक अन्य श्लोक में वह गाती है: मेवाड़ का शासक मेरे साथ क्या कर सकता है? अगर भगवान को गुस्सा आता है तो सब खो जाता है, लेकिन राणा क्या कर सकते हैं?

 1. यह गद्यांश किससे सम्बंधित हैं? 1

 2. मीराबाई के विचार लिखें ? 2

 3 राजा के प्रति मीराबाई के रवैये के बारे में यह क्या संकेत देता है? 2

29. Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow:

 We have never asked for privileges Hansa Mehta of Bombay demanded justice for women, not reserved seats, or separate electorates. We have never asked for privileges. What we have asked for is social justice, economic justice, and political justice. We have asked for that equality which alone can be the basis of mutual respect and understanding, without which real cooperation is not possible between man and woman.

1.      Who said “We Never asked for privileges “? 1

2.       What did she askfor?  2

3.       What types of equality she wants? 2

Hindi translation. 

29.  निम्नलिखित स्रोत को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उनके द्वारा अनुसरण किए जाने वाले प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें:

 

हमने कभी विशेषाधिकार नहीं मांगा है बंबई की हंसा मेहता ने महिलाओं के लिए न्याय की मांग की, आरक्षित सीटें नहीं, या अलग निर्वाचिका । हमने कभी विशेषाधिकार नहीं मांगे हैं । हमने सामाजिक न्याय, आर्थिक न्याय और राजनीतिक न्याय की मांग की है । हमने उस समानता के लिए कहा है जो अकेले आपसी सम्मान और समझ का आधार हो सकता है, जिसके बिना मनुष्य और महिला के बीच वास्तविक सहयोग संभव नहीं है ।

1.किसने कहा "हमने कभी भी विशेषाधिकार  के लिए नहीं कहा"?            1

2. उसने क्या मांगा?                   2

3. वह किस प्रकार की समानता चाहती है?             2

SECTION F

Q. 30 

 

(30.1) On the given political map of India locate and label the followings.

            (a) Jhansi, a centre of Revolt of 1857

            (b) Kalibangan, a place of Harappa civilization

            (c )Sanchi, a Buddhist site

      भारत के राजनीतिक मानचित्र पर निम्नलिखित को दर्शाइए I

(a)   झाँसी, 1857 की क्रांति का केंद्र

(b)   कालीबंगा,हड़प्पा सभ्यता का स्थल

(c)    साँची, बौद्ध धर्म का केंद्र

 

(30.2) On the same outline Map, two places have been marked as A and B, which are centers of the National movement. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

उसी मानचित्र पर दो स्थान A और B द्वारा दर्शाए गए है जो राष्ट्रीय आन्दोलन के केंद्र है I उन्हें पहचानकर उनके सही नाम लिखिए I

MARKING SCHEME 

FIRST PRE BOARD

MARKING SCHEME (2020-2021)                

SET-1

HISTORY CLASS-XII

SECTION A

 1 Alexander Cunningham

2. Megasthenes

3. Harishena,

4. Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras

5. Sultanjahan Begum

6. Indra ,Som ,Varun,Agni

 7.  C) Lingayats

8. vachanas (literally, sayings) composed in Kannada by women and men who joined the movement.

9. Nayakas were military chiefs who usually controlled forts and had armed supporters. These chiefs often moved from one area to another. The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya.

10. EASTINDIACOMPANY

11. A)Aurangzeb 

12.  Humayun

13 . Charles Cornwallis 

14.  1856

15. 12 March 1930

16.  B) Sardar Patel

17. a) Inscriptions are writings engraved on hard surfaces such as stone, metal or pottery

b) Pali, Tamil and Sanskrit

c) Ajatasattu and Asoka

d) Many

18.  a) Jahanara and Roshanara

b) Jahanara

c) Shahjahanabad (Delhi)

d) A place to stay at night and at the time of need

19.  a) Report presented by East India Company In british  Parliament in 1813

b) Assessed Tax

C ) On Default

D )Nuddea , Rajeshaye , Bishenpore (all districts of Bengal )

SECTION C

20:

i) Archaeological finds -sculptures, coins, rock edicts

 ii) Accounts of Megasthenes

iii) Arthashastra composed by Kautilya

iv) Buddhist, Jaina, Puranic literature and Sanskrit literary works.

v) Accounts of Chinese travellers vi) Inscriptions of Asoka

21.  Nobles  can be divided into four major groups  Irani, Turani, Rajputs and Shaikhzadas or Indian Muslims.

The Mughal nobility was recruited by the Mughal rulers:

The Mughal nobility was chosen from different groups, both religiously and ethnically so as to ensure a balance of power between the various groups.

All nobles were ranked or were allotted mansabs comprising of zat and sawar.The nobles were also required to perform military service for the Emperor

22) The Paharias had refused to use plough & settled agriculture. Santhal did not hesitate to cut trees or plough field .Santhals were settled on the peripheries of the Rajmahal hills by the British.Paharias were pushed back into the hills.they were forced to withdraw deeper into the hills. They were restricted from moving down to the lower hills and valleys. They were confined to dry interior and to the barren and rocky upper hills.

Paharia perform Shifting agriculture but Santhals agreed to cut forests  for cultivation

23.  1.Political cause- Annexation of awadh

2. Military cause – low wages , no promotion

 3. Immediate cause-Rumor of greased cartridges

4 Religious cause -The rumors about the British trying to pollute the religion of Indians by mixing the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour 

5. Social cause - British policies of introducing Western education and social reform ,cultural practices.

24. 

Jainism:-i) The entire world is animated and  Ahimsa is emphasized.  Non injury to living beings. Cycle of birth and rebirth through karma Renouncing the world to free oneself from the cycle of karma .Not stealing, killing, lying or possessing property and observing celibacy . Simple way of life . Vegetarianism

 Teachings of Buddha -world is transient (Anicca) and constantly changing. It is soulless and there is nothing permanent about the world . By following the path of moderation, human beings can rise above these worldly troubles. Existence of God is irrelevant to Buddhism. Buddha considered social world as the creation of humans rather than divine origin. He advocated that people should follow ethics and be humane. He believed that individual effort can change social relations .Individual agency and righteous action as the means to escape from the cycle of rebirth.

OR

Buddhism was originated in sixth century BCE. This religion became very popular   rapidly because of following reasons:

1.     Teaching of Buddhism was very simple.

2.     Even common peoplewere  able to understand them easily.

3.     Mahatma Buddha gave his teachings in language of common masses. As a result a number of people started to follow Buddha.

4.     Mahatma Buddha severely denounced caste system. As a result many lower caste people adopted this religion.

5.     People were very much impressed by the good character of Buddhist monks. As a result they became followers of Buddhism.

6.     Buddhism got protection from many great kings like Ashoka, Harsh etc.

7.     Buddhism not only spread in India but abroad as well because of the efforts of its patrons.

8.     Many officials were appointed to spread the message of Buddhism by some rulers.

Any other relevant points.

 

25. 

The MahanavamiDibba- The “MahanavamiDibba” was a massive platform rising from a base of about 11,000 sq. ft to a height of 40 ft. The platform must have supported a wooden structure and other perishable material during festivals. The base of the platform is covered with relief carvings.

platform , Rituals associated with the structure- Dussehra, Durga Puja and Navratri or Mahanavami The Vijayanagara kings displayed their prestige, power and suzerainty.  worship of image, worship of state horse, and the sacrifice of buffaloes and other animals. Dances, wrestling match and procession of horses,elephants and chariots and soldiers.  Ritual presentations before the king and his guests by the chief nayakas and subordinate kings marked the occasion.The ruler inspected the army.  Nayakas brought gifts and tribute for the king. It had the two most impressive platforms, the “Audience Hall” and the “ MahanavamiDibba”.The entire complex was surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them.  The Audience hall was a high platform with slots for wooden pillars at close and regular intervals.

 The Virupaksha Temple:

 The Virupaksha Temple was an old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva..The hall in front of the main shrine was built by Krishnadeva Raya to mark his accession  . Gopurams, royal gateways that often dwarfed the towers on the central shrines, and signalled the presence of the temple .Central shrine (Garbhagriha) . There were mandapas or pillared corridors found in the temple  Social importance- -Images of God were placed to witness special programmes of music, dance and dramas -Used to celebrate the marriage of deities -Others were meant to swing the deities .Vijayanagara rulers/kings ruled on behalf of lord Virupaksha.Orders were signed in the name of Sri Virupaksha.Rulers indicated close links with God using the title ‘Hindu Suratarna’ .Royal portraits sculptures were also displayed in temples. Kings visits to temples along with Amaranayakas were important occasions.

 The Vitthala temple –

The principle deity was Vitthala a form of Vishnu. This temple had several halls and a unique shrine designed as a Chariot A characteristic feature of the temple complexes in the Chariot streets that extended from the temple Gopuram in a straight line .These streets were paved with stone slabs and lined with pillared pavilions in which merchants set up their shops.

OR

1.Theamara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire.

2.It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the Iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate.

3.Theamara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya.

4.They collected taxes and other dues from peasants.

5.A share of revenue was spent for the maintenance of irrigation works and temples.

6.The Amar nayak retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants.

7.These contingents provided the Vijayanagara Kings with an effective fighting force with which they brought the entire southern peninsula under their control.

8.Theamara-nayakas sent tribute to the King annually and personally appeared in the royal court with gifts to express their loyalty.

Any other relevant points.

 

26.  The Quit India Movement genuinely was a mass movement.

Causes and events

i).Failure of Cripps Mission led to the launch of Quit India Movement in August 1942 for the liquidation of British imperialism.

 ii) Dissatisfaction from the Govt. of India 1935.

iii) Gandhi ji and other important leaders were arrested and jailed.

iv) The mass movement was left to the young people of India.

v) Younger activists organised strikes and acts of sabotage.

vi) Brought into the movement hundreds of Indians.

vii) Socialist members like Jayaprakash Narayan were very active in the underground resistance.

viii) ‘Independent’ govt. Was proclaimed in many districts like Satara, Medinipur,etc.

ix) British used force to suppress the movement but failed

 x) Thousands of ordinary citizens joined the Movement

xi) Young people participated in large numbers

xii) Muslim League was working on expanding its base

 xiii) In 1944, Gandhi was released from jail

OR

1. Simple Life Style.

2. Use of Popular language for Communication i.e. Hindi.

3. Emphasis on Truth and Non-Violence.

4. Importance of Charkha and Khadi.

5. Support to uplift poor,  downtrodden and women.

6. Emphasis on Hindu-Muslim Unity.

7. Abolition of Untouchability.

8. Swadeshi, Boycott and Swaraj.

   Any other relevant points

SECTION E

 

27. a) The Indus valley civilisation is  called the Harappan culture

b) “culture” for a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time.

c) The civilisation is dated between c. 2600 and 1900 BCE.

 

 28.  a) Mira bai

b) : I will build a funeral pyre of sandalwood and aloe; Light it by your own hand When I am burned away to cinders; Smear this ash upon your limbs. … let flame be lost in flame.

c) ruler cannot do any thing when god is with her .

 

 29.   a) Hansa Mehta

b) social ,economic and political justice

c) based  on  mutual respect and understanding

SECTION F

30  Map work